Sunday, June 6, 2021

Popular acceptance or rejection is no criterion of a basic truth... Quotes from Aristole's Organon/Posterior Analytics and commentary...

"Popular acceptance or rejection is no criterion of a basic truth", as Aristotle observed then concluded 2300+/- years ago.

Most likely he concluded amid suspicious narratives driven by surreptitious dynamics as resisted and rejected by a logical, ethical remnant today, as well in the past by Gareth Jones (1905-1935, see 2019 film "Mr. Jones"), Albert J. Nock (1870-1945, read his 1922 book "The Myth of a Guilty Nation"), Claude-Frédéric Bastiat (1801-1850, read his essays "The Law", particularly "That Which is Seen, and That Which is Not Seen") and others of like insight upon like integrity. For context, the Greek polymath elaborated...

"Since the object of pure scientific knowledge cannot be other than it is, the truth obtained by demonstrative knowledge will be necessary. And since demonstrative knowledge is only present when we have a demonstration, it follows that demonstration is an inference from necessary premises. So we must consider what are the premises of demonstration --- i.e. what is their character: and as a preliminary, let us define what we mean by an attribute "true in every instance of its subject', an 'essential' attribute, and a 'commensurate' and universal' attribute. I call 'true in every instance' what is truly predicable of all instances --- not of one to the exclusion of others --- and at all times, not at this or that time only... A corresponding account holds if point is in every instance predicable as contained in line...  We must not fail to observe that we often fall into error because our conclusion is not in fact primary and commensurately universal in the sense in which we think we prove it so. We make this mistake when the subject is an individual (exception, accident) or individuals above which there is no universal to be found: when the subjects belong to different species and there is a higher universal, but it has no name (yet discovered)... How naïve it is to suppose one's basic truths rightly chosen if one starts with a proposition which is popularly accepted... For popular acceptance or rejection is no criterion of a basic truth."

Aristotle (384-322 BC)

Note:
Excerpts taken from Posterior Analytics of his larger work Organon, as translated by Richard McKeon (1900-1985), edited by C.D.C Reeve (1948-present).


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