Every premise states that something either is or must be, or may be the attribute of something else... Aristotle (384-322 BC)

"Every premise states that something either is or must be, or may be the attribute of something else."

Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Organon / Analytica Priora, Book I (compiled 40 BC by Andronicus of Rhodes)

Thus the aforesaid quite obvious, self-evident (or one would think) penned by the Greek philosopher, polymath, certainly logician Aristotle, then some 2100+/- years later, the British economist, mathematician, logician William Stanley Jevons eloquently stated...

"These laws describe the very simplest truths, in which all people must agree, and which at the same time apply to all notions which we can conceive. It is impossible to think correctly and avoid evident self-contradiction unless we observe what are called the Three Primary Laws of Thought, which may be stated as follows:

1. The Law of Identity. Whatever is, is.
2. The Law of Contradiction. Nothing can both be and not be.
3. The Law of Excluded Middle. Everything must either be or not be.

Though these laws when thus stated may seem absurdly obvious...I have found that students are seldom able to see at first their full meaning and importance."

William Stanley Jevons (1835-1882)
Elementary Lessons in Logic: Deductive and Inductive (1870)

Academia therefore history, science and the oxymoronically referenced political science, other disciplines too, having long departed from Logic's obvious, self-evident consistencies, incrementally digressed since the 1880s and 1890s minimally , yet still to this day show no signs, display no evidences to admit the decades of covetously purposeful errors and excesses, then return to reality thereby first humility, inquiry, diligence, perseverance, then observation, logic, consistency, sustainability, ethic, even morality and piety.

To note, until mid 19th century, two mantras (if you will) were together revered throughout academia regardless the discipline; firstly, Logic the Science of Sciences, and secondly, Theology the Queen of Sciences. The latter became obviously absent among podiums and lecterns upon universities' transition to departmentalize thus contextualize from Theology to Religious Studies. While intentionally strategized and subsidized, yet unintentionally digressive then detrimental, for immediately proceeding the incrementally slow erosion from Logic the Science of Sciences until the complexities, contradictions, inconsistencies, corruptions, collusions, conspiracies, even absurdities, idiocies, and depravities boldfaced of the 1910s through 1990s, as well 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s particularly.

---

Come let us Reason. Peace is always a Choice.
Study, Ponder, Labor, till last Breath.

Is 1:18 / Mt 5:9 / 2 Tm 2:15 / Cl 3:23